CES uses electrodes either clipped to the earlobes or placed behind the ears. I let the patient control the amount of stimulation that is comfortable for them. CES typically effects brain chemistry with the frequency used determining what brain chemicals are released. The most commonly used are for endorphins and serotonin. endorphins are used for pain control while serotonin is used for depression (works like an SSRI antidepressant) and helps many kinds of stress. I use CES mostly for addictions, especially for alcoholism. For alcoholism I use a combination of CES, acupuncture (both body and ear points), and FFrequency Specific Microcurrent )FSM). Since they work by different mechanisms, they work extremely well together.